ABSTRACT;

The fifth-generation mobile communication technology 5G is a new advent of communication technology that can enable real-time communications between different human-machine and machine-machine interfaces. The 5G communication standard is helping revolutionize the range of applications of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). 5G does more than significantly improve the network, 5G technology will power a wide range of future industries ranging from transportation to gaming, recreation and entertainment, healthcare and education, smart homes and digitalized mobiles, find financial services to retail. A wide array of sensors networked will link many devices together and make the world more digitalized and durable. The probable applications of the 5G network make it a very important development to the existence of mankind.

INTRODUCTION

THE 4G TECHNOLOGY; USEFULNESS AND LIMITATIONS.

The 4G technology is the fourth-generation cellular network technology that succeeds 3G technology and precedes 5G technology. Through the IMT Advanced, the fourth-generation standard is defined by the International Telecommunication Union (IMT), as a cellular network technology having data transmission speeds that are near fiber-based wired broadband services, particularly an average speed of 100 Mbps to 1000 Mbps and an upload speed of around 500 Mbps. The 4G discussions and proposals started to emerge in 2001, the further propositions were made to make it take shape as the LTE (Long Term Evolution) technical specification. In 2009, Telia Sonera launched the world’s first LTE mobile services in Stockholm and Oslo with deployment equipment provided by Huawei and Ericsson. The LTE supports networks to speed up to 100Mbps, which is 10 times faster than the existing 3G. The advantages of the 4G network include the following

o Better spectral effectiveness and High speed

o High capacity and High bandwidth

o Tight network security

o Easy accessibility: anytime, anywhere and any with technology

o Support for multimedia services with low transmission cost

o Low cost per bit

o A seamless network protocols

o Affordable communication system

o Have easier access to services and application

o Increases the level of use of synchronization

o Machine-to-machine communication provided

o Global access, service portability, and a variety of quality services provided

Limitations of the 4G include are also existing due to various factors. Mobile carrier subscribers’ devices must have the same frequency as the local carrier, so for anyone relocating to another country, there might be issues with the mobile carriers due to varying differences in the networks. Battery life is also another factor affecting 4G network devices. 4G mobile networks use multiple transmitters, so users can experience poor battery life compared with 3G, which means that to stay online for longer periods devices will need stronger battery power. Based on real-time performance, LTE achieves an average download speed of around 25 Mbps under optimal conditions but in heavy-traffic scenarios, the average speed is only between 5 Mbps to 10 Mbps. 3G networks are still common in rural areas around the world because they are less expensive especially in advanced countries, thus making the 3G network technology more accessible to people living in these areas

DEPLOYMENT OF THE 5G TECHNOLOGY

The development and deployment of the 5G technology is an important milestone in human history. The applications of 5G technology cover extensive areas such as gaming, transportation, industry, entertainment, recreation, healthcare, banking and finance, and many other aspects. As 5G continues to expand, people are going to feel the impact of the 5G revolution. Designed to have faster speeds, larger capacity, and reduced latency, 5G is expected to be the key to innovation in tomorrow’s future. In particular, improved speeds can create new opportunities in public protection and business institutions. The 5G technology is both evolutionary and progressive. [1]It is an evolution that will coexist with LTE while providing some improved capabilities today. And it is a revolution that opens the door for organizations to deploy transformative new mobility applications in the future. 5G will revolutionize the mobile experience with a supercharged wireless network, which can support up to 10 to 20 GBPS of data download speed. It is equivalent to a fiber-optic Internet connection accessed wirelessly. Compared to common mobile transmission technologies, voice and data statistics information can be concurrently transferred efficiently in 5G. Cloud-enabled information records storage and retrieval is a characteristic of the 5G technology which can permit easy access to information and guarantee the security of data from viruses, data loss on hard storage, and hackers. The areas of applications of 5G include;

1. AUTONOMOUS DRIVING; development of self-driving cars is not far from the development of the 5G technology. Low latency is one of the maximum crucial features of 5G technology which is essential for self-driving motors and critical mission functions. 5G networks are capable of latency of less than a millisecond. 5G will be using new radio millimeter waves for transmission. It has a much higher bandwidth compared to lower LTE bands and is capable of processing massive data statistics rates. This includes the inclusion of automobile connections with surrounding objects. Empowered with algorithms and machine languages can bring this to reality. The aim of autonomous automobile communication is the automobile-to-everything network. This is responsible for the automobile to act in line with the object positioning around the automobile. The automobile should be able to send and receive data in a very short time to effortlessly respond to signs, people, hazards, threats, and so on.

2. VIRTUAL REALITY & AUGMENTED REALITY; gaming is a very important part of technology due to the excessive hobby of people. 5G has progressed gaming systems and structures to give maximum satisfaction to users and make it as real as possible. 5G gaming will be more and more powerful than it used to be. The credit goes to the low latency factor and the high computing efficiencies. Additionally, nothing important will be stored on the device. Every data piece, including processing, storage, and fetching, will be directly synchronized from the cloud. Hence, the speed should be the highest. Apart from gaming, enjoying sports events and virtual reality with 5G will be extremely amazing. On the other hand, augmented reality lets you gather all the machine details and its functionality, without screwing it on and off. A remote worker A working with smart glasses can share visuals of work directly with another worker B in a different location, from there, worker B can give instructions and necessary corrections to worker A. This can help save a lot of time prevent unexpected errors and reduce the cost of transportation of workers. In sharing data across multiple sites interacting via virtual objects and sharing ideas the ones available for use. Real-time sharing of data can increase workers’ ability to communicate remotely compared to regular video calls. [2]With 5G augmented reality goggles, it becomes easier for a technician to witness repair parts and get an idea of how to repair them, as touching such spare parts while repairing can’t be safe every time. G network is powerful enough to power AR and VR with an amazing virtual experience. HD virtual reality games are getting popular and many companies are investing in VR-based gaming. A high-speed 5G network can offer a better gaming experience with high-speed Internet.

3. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) — CONNECTING EVERYTHING; the Internet of Things (IoT) is another area for development using a 5G wireless network. The Internet of Things will join every item, appliance, sensor, device, and application to the Internet. IoT applications will accumulate huge quantities of data statistics from millions of gadgets and sensors. It requires an effective network for data collection, processing, transmission, control, and real-time analytics. 5G is the most effective for the Internet of Things due to its flexibility, ultra-low bandwidth, spectrum availability, and low-cost solutions for deployment. IoT can benefit from 5G networks in many areas like Logistics and shopping, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Healthcare applications, security, surveillance (satellite internet), sensors, and military applications. The success of IoT is tied to its performance, which is dependent on how fast it can communicate with other IoT devices, sensors, smartphones, software, and more. With the 5G, the data-transfer speed will improve. This speed increase will allow IoT devices to communicate in real time. In addition, to increase in speed, 5G networks will create reliable and stable connections as having reliable and stable connections is very important for any IoT, especially for monitoring systems and management databases. The ultra-low latency, high-speed connectivity, and higher coverage are the potential gains that the 5G has to offer.

4. ENTERTAINMENT AND MULTIMEDIA; it has been observed that most internet traffic is from videos and other multimedia content downloads. With the improvement of the 5G network, more users are predicted to join as most content will be uploaded and downloaded from the cloud. The speed of downloading will increase by as much as 10 to 20GBPS. 5G will offer a high-definition virtual world on mobile devices. High-speed streaming of 4K videos only takes a few seconds and it can support crystal clear audio clarity. Live events can be streamed via a wireless network with high definition. HD TV channels can be accessed on mobile devices without any interruptions. The entertainment industry will hugely benefit from 5G wireless networks. 5G can provide 120 frames per second, high resolution, and higher dynamic range video streaming without interruption. The audiovisual experience will be rewritten after the implementation of the latest technologies powered by 5G wireless.

[3]5G can support up to a million devices per square kilometer, while 4G supports only up to 100,000 devices per square kilometer. 5G operates on 3 different spectrum bands.

Low-band spectrum — Expect peak speeds up to 100Mbps

Mid-band spectrum — Expect peak speeds up to 1Gbps

High-band spectrum — Expect peak speeds up to 10Gbps

Conclusively, 5G is an evolution of the technologies that cell providers already use, but the jump from 4G to 5G makes it revolutionary by enterprise standards. With the assistance of extra state of art infrastructure, algorithms, and specialized technology, the fifth generation will offer several cost-effective and overall powerful performances that will be essential in the future. The application of 5G cannot be underestimated in the development of independent artificially intelligent devices. Additionally, industries have to apply artificial intelligence to these immense amounts of data, and 5G can trigger the process. 5G will lead to one of the biggest technological transformations of our lifetime, with unlimited possibilities. 5G Wireless Technology is more intelligent technology, which will connect the entire digital and physical world with limitless possibilities. It is developed to offer exceptional data capabilities, unhindered call volumes, and large data broadcasts. [4]Our world would have universal and uninterrupted access to information, communication, and entertainment that will open a new dimension to our lives and will change our lifestyle meaningfully. 5G simplifies wireless networks. Moreover, governments and regulators can use this technology as an opportunity for good governance and can create healthier environments, which will encourage continuing investment in 5G, the next-generation technology.

[1]GetWireless Guest Blogger, ‘ 5G: Revolution or Evolution?’(Channel Futures, 7 June 2021) <channelfutures.com/from-the-industry/5g-rev.. > accessed 8 July 2022.

[2] Ravi Bandakkanavar, ‘5G Wireless Technology’(Krazytech, 12 March 2020) < krazytech.com/technical-papers/5g-wireless-..\> accessed 8 July 2022.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Atifa Aqueel, ‘5G and the Internet of Things, (Slideshare, 25 Dec 2020 <slideshare.net/atifaaqueel/5g-and-internet-.. > accessed 8 July 2022.